
El síndrome del túnel cubital es una afección provocada por un aumento de la presión sobre el nervio cubital a la altura del codo. Hay una protuberancia ósea en la parte interna del codo (epicóndilo medial) por debajo de la cual pasa el nervio cubital. Este lugar suele denominarse "hueso de la risa". En este lugar, el nervio cubital se encuentra directamente junto al hueso y es susceptible a la presión. Cuando la presión sobre el nervio es lo suficientemente grande como para alterar su funcionamiento, puede producirse entumecimiento, hormigueo y dolor en el codo, el antebrazo, la mano y/o los dedos.
Síntomas
Symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome usually include pain, numbness, and/or tingling. The numbness or tingling most often occurs in the ring and small fingers. The symptoms are usually felt when there is pressure on the ulnar nerve, such as when sitting with the elbow on an arm rest, or with repetitive elbow bending and straightening. Often symptoms will be felt when the elbow is held in a bent position for a period of time, such as when holding the phone, or while sleeping. Some patients may notice weakness while pinching, occasional clumsiness, and/or a tendency to drop things. In severe cases, sensation may be lost and the muscles in the hand may lose bulk and strength.
Diagnóstico
The diagnosis of cubital tunnel syndrome can be made based on simple clinical tests and patient symptoms, and is confirmed by a detailed nerve conduction study. This study measures the velocity and the latency of the nerve impulses across the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Nonsurgical Treatment Symptoms may sometimes be relived without surgery, particularly if the nerve conduction study shows that the pressure on the nerve is minimal. Changing the patterns of elbow use may significantly reduce the pressure on the nerve. Avoiding putting your elbow on hard surfaces may help, or wearing an elbow pad over the ulnar nerve may help. Keeping the elbow straight at night with a splint may also help.
Tratamiento quirúrgico
When symptoms are severe or do not improve with conservative treatment, surgery may be needed to relieve the pressure on the nerve. Many surgeons will recommend shifting the nerve to the front of the elbow, which relieves pressure and tension on the nerve. Some surgeons may recommend trimming the bony bump on the inside of the elbow (medial epicondyle). At Badia Hand to Shoulder Center, a newer, endoscopic method is used, which does not require a large incision or lengthy recover time. A small incision is made at the inside of the elbow, and an endoscope, which is a tiny camera, is inserted. This allows the surgeon to see the nerve and make a division over the nerve. This reduces the compression over the ulnar nerve that had been causing the symptoms.